Preface |
Preface
|
Preface
|
Chapter 1 |
1
|
Introduction
|
1.1
|
The Relevance of International Law
|
1.2
|
Substantive Foundations
|
1.2.1
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Just War Doctrine
|
1.2.2
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Customary Norms of International Law
|
1.2.3
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Treaty Rules and Principles
|
1.2.4
|
Supplementary Norms with Legal Force
|
1.3
|
Method of Inquiry
|
1.4
|
Overview of Tribunal Scope
|
1.4.1
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Evidence before the Tribunal
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Chapter 2 |
2
|
Relevant International Law
|
2.1
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Lawfulness of Nuclear Weapons - Position of Nuclear States
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2.2
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Sources of International Law
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2.3
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Relevant Treaties, Declarations and Conventions
|
2.3.1
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The St Petersberg Declaration 1868
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2.3.2
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The Hague Conventions of 1907
|
2.3.3
|
Geneva Gas Protocol 1925
|
2.3.4
|
United Nations Charter 1945
|
2.3.5
|
Nuremberg Judgment 1946
|
2.3.6
|
Genocide Convention 1948
|
2.3.7
|
Geneva Conventions 1949
|
2.3.8
|
Nuremberg Principles 1950
|
2.3.9
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McCloy Zorin Accords 1961
|
2.3.10
|
Test-Ban Treaty 1963
|
2.3.11
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Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968
|
2.3.12
|
Biological Weapons Convention 1972
|
2.3.13
|
Geneva Protocols I and II 1977
|
2.3.14
|
Conventional Weapons Convention 1981
|
2.4
|
Additional Treaties and Conventions
|
Chapter 3 |
3
|
Use of Nuclear Weapons
|
3.1
|
General Effects of Nuclear Weapons
|
3.2
|
Medical and Environmental Effects of Nuclear War
|
3.2.1
|
Atomic Bomb Effects on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
|
3.2.2
|
Consequences of Nuclear Attack on the UK
|
3.2.3
|
Nuclear War and the Provision of Health Services
|
3.2.4
|
Longer Term Effects of Low-Level Radiation
|
3.2.5
|
Long-Term Effects on the Global Ecosphere
|
3.2.6
|
Tribunal Conclusions on Global Ecosphere Effects
|
3.3
|
Nuclear Weapons and Strategy
|
3.3.1
|
Detonation of a Single Weapon
|
3.3.2
|
Detonation of Single Weapon in Water
|
3.3.3
|
Use of Single Weapon on Land
|
3.3.4
|
Use of Single Weapon as Demonstration
|
3.3.5
|
Tendency of Weaponry and Strategies Towards Use
|
3.4
|
Lawful Use of Nuclear Weapons - Is It Conceivable?
|
Chapter 4 |
4
|
Possession of Nuclear Weapons
|
4.1
|
General Evidence on Possession
|
4.2
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Deterrence and the Evolution of Technology
|
4.3
|
Change of Governmental Policies
|
4.4
|
Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI)
|
4.5
|
Military Manuals and a Soldier's Duty
|
4.6
|
Sovereignty
|
4.6.1
|
The Loss of Constitutional Powers
|
4.6.2
|
Loss of Sovereignty of Members of Alliances
|
4.7
|
Neutrality
|
4.8
|
Unlawfulness of Possession of Nuclear Weapons
|
Chapter 5 |
5
|
Public Conscience
|
5.1
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Morality and Dictates of the Public Conscience
|
5.2
|
Mass Movements against Nuclear Weapons
|
5.3
|
Individual Responsibility and Nuclear Weapons
|
5.4
|
Legal Challenges to Nuclear Weapons
|
5.5
|
Mass Movements and The Military
|
5.6
|
The United Nations and Nuclear Weapons
|
Chapter 6 |
6
|
Value of International Law
|
6.1
|
General Evidence on Value of International Law
|
6.2
|
Interpretation of International Law
|
6.3
|
General Remarks on the Evidence
|
Chapter 7 |
7
|
Judgment and Recommendations
|
7.1
|
Preamble
|
7.2
|
Judgment of the Tribunal
|
7.2.1
|
Implications for Governments
|
7.2.2
|
Implications for Statesmen, Policy-Makers, Strategists, Advisors, Scientists, Engineers, Military Commanders in Nuclear Weapons States and their Allies
|
7.2.3
|
Implications for Dissenters, Protesters, Resisters, and Ordinary Citizens
|
7.3
|
Recommendations of the Tribunal
|
Appendix A |
Appendix A
|
Nuremberg Principles
|
Appendix B |
Appendix B
|
McCloy-Zorin Accords
|
Appendix C |
Appendix C
|
Baden Consultation
|
Appendix D |
Appendix D
|
Interim Declaration
|
D.1
|
Preliminary Conclusions
|
D.2
|
Recommendations
|
Appendix E |
Appendix E
|
Judges
|
E.1
|
Sean MacBride LL.D D.Litt - Chairman of the Tribunal
|
E.2
|
Richard Falk B.Sc. LL.B. J.S.D.
|
E.3
|
Dorothy Hodgkin OM FRS
|
E.4
|
Maurice Wilkins CBE MA PhD LLD FRS
|
Appendix F |
Appendix F
|
Tribunal Supporting Organizations
|
Appendix G |
Appendix G
|
Convenors of the Tribunal
|
Appendix H |
Appendix H
|
List of Evidence before the Tribunal
|
H.1
|
Moral Issues
|
H.2
|
Medical and Environmental Effects
|
H.3
|
Current Weaponry and Strategy
|
H.4
|
Legal Implications
|
H.5
|
Books Submitted to the Tribunal
|